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Hindi Text of the Indian Constitution Background The  original Constitution of India (1950)  was written in  English . No official Hindi version existed until the  58th Constitutional Amendment Act (1987)  introduced  Article 394-A , authorizing an authoritative Hindi text. Key Provisions of Article 394-A President’s Role : The President publishes the  official Hindi translation  of the Constitution. The Hindi text must align with: Legal terminology used in Central Acts (laws) written in Hindi. All Constitutional amendments passed before the translation. Legal Status : The Hindi version has the  same legal authority  as the English original. If there’s a conflict in interpretation, the  English text prevails , and the President can revise the Hindi version to resolve discrepancies. Amendments : Every Constitutional am...

Key Facts About India’s Constituent Assembly & Constitution 1. Symbol of the Constituent Assembly Elephant : Adopted as the official seal/symbol. Why?  Elephants symbolize wisdom, strength, and stability in Indian culture. 2. Key Contributors to the Constitution Sir B.N. Rau : Constitutional Advisor (Legal Expert). Role: Advised on legal frameworks, studied global constitutions. H.V.R. Iyengar : Secretary of the Assembly. Role: Managed administrative tasks and documentation. S.N. Mukerjee : Chief Draftsman. Role: Structured the final text of the Constitution. 3. The Art of the Constitution Calligraphy : Prem Behari Narain Raizada : Handwrote the original Constitution in  italic style  with a dip pen and ink. Vasant Krishan Vaidya : Calligraphed the Hindi version. Artwork : Nand Lal Bose  &  Beohar Ramm...

Criticism of the Constituent Assembly Critics have pointed out several issues with the Constituent Assembly. Here are the main criticisms: Not Representative: Criticism: Assembly members were not directly elected by all people of India (no universal adult franchise). Meaning: Ordinary people didn't vote to choose Assembly members. Members were mostly chosen by existing provincial legislatures. Therefore: Critics argue it didn't truly represent the views of all Indians. Not Sovereign (Independent): Criticism: Assembly was created by the British Government's proposals (Cabinet Mission Plan). Meaning: Critics say it wasn't a fully independent body because it was set up by the British. Also, they point out that the Assembly needed British permission to hold sessions. Therefore: Critics argue it wasn't truly a sovereign body free from British influence. ...