Nucleic Acid Replication, Transcription, Translation, and Regulatory Mechanisms I. Central Dogma of Molecular Biology: Overview: Describes the flow of genetic information within a biological system. DNA Replication: DNA makes a copy of itself. Ensures genetic information is passed to daughter cells during cell division. Transcription: DNA sequence is transcribed into RNA (specifically mRNA, tRNA, rRNA). Converts genetic information from DNA form to RNA form. Translation: mRNA sequence is translated into a protein sequence. Decodes RNA information to synthesize proteins, the functional molecules of the cell. Simplified Flow: DNA → RNA → Protein II. DNA Replication: Definition: The process of producing two identical copies of DNA from one original DNA molecule. Essential for cell division and inheritance. Basic Principles: Semi-conservative: Each ne...