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  Prokaryotic Cell A prokaryotic cell is a simple, single-celled organism that lacks a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. Prokaryotes include two main groups: Bacteria and Archaea . Here’s an in-depth explanation of the structure and characteristics of a prokaryotic cell: 1. Cell Structure Prokaryotic cells are generally smaller and simpler compared to eukaryotic cells. Here's an overview of their key components: a. Cell Wall ·         Function: Provides shape and protection to the cell. ·         Composition: Made up of peptidoglycan (in bacteria), which is a polymer consisting of sugars and amino acids. In Archaea , the cell wall lacks peptidoglycan and may be composed of different substances like pseudopeptidoglycan. ·         Types of Bacterial Cell Walls: o    Gram-positive: Thick peptidoglycan layer. o    Gram-negative:...

The history and development of cell theory is a fascinating journey that spans several centuries. It involves the contributions of multiple scientists who made significant discoveries about the structure and function of cells, eventually leading to the understanding that cells are the fundamental units of life. Early Observations (1600s) Robert Hooke (1665) Hooke was the first person to use the term "cell" . While examining a thin slice of cork under a simple microscope, he observed tiny, hollow compartments that reminded him of the cells (rooms) in a monastery. These were actually the walls of dead plant cells. Although he saw only the cell walls, this observation laid the groundwork for the concept of cells. Anton van Leeuwenhoek (1670s) Leeuwenhoek, often called the "father of microbiology," developed more advanced microscopes and was the first to observe living cells . He de...