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Introduction: Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) , also known as Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) , are infections primarily spread through sexual contact . They can be caused by bacteria , viruses , fungi , or parasites . STDs affect millions of people worldwide and, if left untreated, can lead to serious health complications. Common Types of STDs: Bacterial STDs: Chlamydia: Cause: Chlamydia trachomatis Symptoms: Often asymptomatic; may cause discharge, pain during urination, and pelvic pain. Gonorrhea: Cause: Neisseria gonorrhoeae Symptoms: Yellow-green discharge, pain during urination, pelvic pain. Syphilis: Cause: Treponema pallidum Symptoms: Sores (chancre), rashes, fever, and, in advanced stages, damage to organs. Viral STDs: HIV/AIDS: Cause: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Symptoms: Flu-like symptoms initially; weakens the immune system over time. Herpes (HSV): Cause: Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV-1, HSV-2) Symptoms: Painful blisters or sores around the mouth o...

Introduction: Malaria is a life-threatening infectious disease caused by Plasmodium parasites . It is transmitted to humans through the bite of an infected female Anopheles mosquito . Malaria is prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions , particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa , South Asia , and parts of South America . Causes and Transmission: Causative Agents: Plasmodium falciparum (most severe form) Plasmodium vivax Plasmodium ovale Plasmodium malariae Plasmodium knowlesi (rare in humans) Mode of Transmission: Mosquito bites: Infected female Anopheles mosquito . Blood transfusion: From an infected person. Vertical transmission: Mother to fetus during pregnancy. Life Cycle of Malaria Parasite: Infection Begins: A Plasmodium-infected Anopheles mosquito bites a person, injecting sporozoites into the bloodstream. Liver Stage: Sporozoites travel to the liver , where they infect liver cells and develop into schizonts . The schizonts multiply and release merozoites into the bloo...