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Exhaustive events: The total number of possible outcomes of a random experiment is known as exhaustive events or cases. Example ,  In tossing of a coin there are two exhaustive cases viz, head and tail.  In tossing a die, there are 6 exhaustive cases since any one of the six faces  1,2,3,......,6 may come uppermost. Mutually Exhaustive Events: Mutually Exclusive Events: Events that cannot occur at the same time. If one event happens, the other cannot. Example Coin Toss: The events "landing heads" and "landing tails" are mutually exclusive because a coin cannot land both heads and tails at the same time. In both cases, the occurrence of both events is independent of each other. In cases

DNA fingerprinting, also known as DNA profiling, is a technique used to identify individuals based on their unique DNA patterns. Here’s a simple explanation: Unique DNA Patterns : Every person (except identical twins) has a unique DNA sequence. DNA fingerprinting takes advantage of these unique patterns. Focus on Repetitive DNA : The technique often focuses on regions of DNA that vary greatly among individuals, such as satellite DNA, which includes short tandem repeats (STRs). Process : DNA Isolation : Extract DNA from the sample cells (such as blood, saliva, or hair). DNA Digestion : Use restriction enzymes to cut the DNA at specific sequences, creating fragments of varying lengths. Fragment Separation : Separate the DNA fragments based on size using gel electrophoresis, which involves applying an electric field to move the fragments through a gel matrix. Fragment Transfer : Transfer (blot) the separated DNA fragments from the gel onto a synthetic...

RFLP, or Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism, is a technique used in molecular biology to analyze variations in DNA sequences. Here's a detailed overview of what RFLP is and how it works: Definition and Basics RFLP (Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism) : A method that exploits variations in homologous DNA sequences. These variations can be detected by fragmenting the DNA with restriction enzymes and then separating the resulting fragments by gel electrophoresis. Key Components DNA Sample : The genetic material that will be analyzed. Restriction Enzymes : Proteins that cut DNA at specific sequences, known as restriction sites. Gel Electrophoresis : A technique to separate DNA fragments based on size. Hybridization : Sometimes, DNA fragments are transferred to a membrane and probed with a labeled DNA sequence to detect specific fragments. Procedure DNA Extraction : Obtain DNA from cel...