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Drawn From Various Sources

Drawn From Various Sources: Simple Notes

  • Borrowed Constitution: The Indian Constitution has taken ("borrowed") many of its ideas and rules from the constitutions of other countries and also from the Government of India Act of 1935 (a law from British rule).  

  • "Ransacked all known Constitutions": Dr. B.R. Ambedkar said proudly that they looked through ("ransacked") all the constitutions they knew about in the world to make the Indian Constitution.

  • Main Sources and What They Contributed:

    1. Government of India Act, 1935 (Most Important Source):

      • Structural Part: A large part of the structure or basic framework of the Indian Constitution comes from this Act.  

      • Specifics:

        • Federal Scheme: How power is divided between the central and state governments.

        • Judiciary: The court system.

        • Governors: The role of state governors.

        • Emergency Powers: Special powers for the government in emergencies.  

        • Public Service Commissions: Bodies for recruiting government officials.  

        • Administrative Details: Many day-to-day rules for running the government.

      • Big Influence: More than half of the Indian Constitution is very similar to or exactly the same as parts of the 1935 Act.

    2. American Constitution:

      • Philosophical Part - Fundamental Rights: The ideas behind the Fundamental Rights (basic rights of citizens) are inspired by the American Constitution's Bill of Rights.  

    3. Irish Constitution:

      • Philosophical Part - Directive Principles of State Policy: The ideas behind the Directive Principles (guidelines for the government to aim for in policy-making) are inspired by the Irish Constitution.  

    4. British Constitution:

      • Political Part - Cabinet Government & Executive-Legislature Relations: The way the Indian government works politically, especially:

        • Cabinet Government: System where a cabinet of ministers leads the government.  

        • Relations between the Executive (government) and Legislature (Parliament): How these branches work together.

      • These are largely based on the British system of government.

    5. Other Constitutions (Various Provisions): Ideas for other parts of the Indian Constitution were taken from:

      • Canada

      • Australia

      • Germany

      • USSR (now Russia)  

      • France

      • South Africa

      • Japan

      • ...and more.

In Simple Words: The Indian Constitution is like a "best of" collection! It's made by taking good ideas from many different constitutions around the world, especially the old British law (Government of India Act 1935). The basic structure and many government details come from that British law. Ideas about people's rights came from America, and ideas about government policy goals came from Ireland. The way the Indian government works politically is similar to Britain's system. They also looked at constitutions from Canada, Australia, Germany, and other countries for even more ideas. So, it's a mix of ideas from all over, adapted for India!

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