Indian Councils Act of 1892

Indian Councils Act of 1892

Context:

• Second of three laws (1861, 1892, 1909) to involve Indians in governance, but British still held control.

Key Features:

1. More Indian Members (But British Still Dominated):
• Increased seats for non-official members (Indians) in Central and provincial councils.
• Official majority remained: British officials had more seats than Indians.
2. New Powers for Councils:
• Councils could now discuss the budget (government’s yearly spending plan).
• Members could ask questions to British officials (limited accountability).
3. Nomination Process:
• Central Council: Viceroy picked Indian members based on suggestions from provincial councils and business groups (e.g., Bengal Chamber of Commerce).
• Provincial Councils: Governors chose members recommended by local bodies like district boards, municipalities, universities, landlords (zamindars), and trade groups.
4. Indirect Elections (Hidden in the Act):
• Some seats were filled through recommendations (not openly called “elections”).
• Example: Trade groups or universities suggested names, but Viceroy/Governors made the final pick.

Why Important?

• First time Indians could discuss budget (money matters) and question British officials.
• Indirectly laid the groundwork for future elections, even though power stayed mostly with the British.
• Showed gradual (but limited) steps toward including Indians in governance.

Simplified Summary:

• More Indians in councils, but British still in charge.
• Councils could talk about money and ask questions.
• Members were “nominated” through suggestions, not direct votes.