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Enactment of the Constitution

 Enactment of the Constitution

  • Final Draft Introduced:
    • Introduced by Dr. B.R. Ambedkar (Chairman of Drafting Committee).
    • Date: November 4, 1948.
  • Three Readings in the Constituent Assembly: The Constitution went through three stages of reading and discussion:
    • First Reading (General Discussion):
      • Date: November 4 - 9, 1948 (5 days).
      • What happened: Assembly had a general discussion on the overall Draft Constitution.
    • Second Reading (Clause-by-Clause Consideration):
      • Date: November 15, 1948 - October 17, 1949 (Longest stage!).
      • What happened: Detailed discussion of each part (clause) of the Constitution.
      • Many amendments (changes) proposed: 7653 proposed.
      • Many amendments actually discussed: 2473 discussed.
    • Third Reading (Final Stage):
      • Started: November 14, 1949.
      • Motion Moved: Dr. Ambedkar moved a motion to pass the Constitution as finalized.
      • Motion Passed: November 26, 1949.
      • Signing: Members and President signed the Constitution on this day.
      • Attendance: 284 members present and signed (out of 299 total).
      • Preamble Date: November 26, 1949 is the date in the Preamble when "people of India... adopted, enacted and gave to ourselves this Constitution."
  • Constitution as Adopted (Nov 26, 1949):
    • Contained: Preamble, 395 Articles, 8 Schedules.
    • Preamble enacted after the rest of the Constitution.
  • Dr. B.R. Ambedkar - "Father of the Constitution":
    • Law Minister at the time.
    • Piloted the Draft Constitution: Guided and managed it through the Assembly.
    • Key Role: Very important in Assembly discussions.
    • Known for: Logical, forceful, persuasive arguments.
    • Recognized as "Father of the Constitution of India".
    • Also called: "Modern Manu", "brilliant writer, constitutional expert, undisputed leader of Scheduled Castes", "chief architect of the Constitution".

In Simple Words: Making the Constitution was a step-by-step process with three readings in the Assembly. The most detailed stage was the second reading where every part was discussed and changed. Finally, on November 26, 1949, the Constitution was passed and signed. Dr. Ambedkar played a huge role and is honoured as the "Father of the Indian Constitution." The original Constitution had a Preamble, 395 Articles, and 8 Schedules.

 

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