- India’s First Cable-Stayed Rail Bridge Opens in Jammu and Kashmir.
- India Takes Action to Release Undertrial Prisoners
- Kandla Port to Undergo Major Expansion
- Uttar Pradesh Partners with Google Cloud for Agricultural Network
- e-Shram Portal Adds Multilingual Support for Unorganised Workers
- India and Malaysia Strengthen Security Cooperation
- Uttar Pradesh Waives Community Contribution for Rural Water Connections
- Indian Cities Show Progress in Reducing Air Pollution, But Challenges Remain
- Global Cooperation Stagnates Amidst Geopolitical Tensions
- India Launches Major Green Hydrogen Hub in Andhra Pradesh
- The Mystery of the Indus Script Remains Unsolved
- Indo-US Nuclear Deal Faces Legal Hurdles
- First US Death from H5N1 Bird Flu Reported in Louisiana
- Indian Coast Guard ALH Helicopter Crashes, Raising Safety Concerns
- Major Earthquake Strikes Tibet Near Nepal Border
- Jharkhand Government Distributes Funds Under Maiya Samman Yojana
- IIT-Madras Opens Asia's Largest Shallow Wave Basin
- Alaknanda River in Uttarakhand at High Risk of Landslide-Induced Floods
- UJALA Scheme Brings Energy-Efficient Lighting to Millions of Indian Homes
Charter of Queen Elizabeth I & the East India Company Background Francis Drake’s Voyage (1580) : First Englishman to sail around the world, inspiring exploration. Defeat of Spanish Armada (1588) : England’s naval victory boosted confidence to challenge Spain/Portugal in global trade. Portuguese & Dutch Profits : Europeans made huge money from Asian spices, textiles, and goods → England wanted a share! Formation of the East India Company 1599 : Group of English merchants ( Merchant Adventurers ) formed a company to trade in Asia. 31 December 1600 : Queen Elizabeth I granted them a Royal Charter , giving: Exclusive Rights : Only this company could trade east of Africa (monopoly). Name : “Governor and Company of Merchants of London trading into the East Indies” (later called East India Company ). 1609 : Monopoly extended indefi...