- Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission Warns About Side Effects of Common Heart Medications.
- RBI Mandates 15-Day Credit Bureau Updates
- UGC Introduces New Regulations for Vice-Chancellor Selection Process
- Supreme Court Transfers Amazon-Flipkart Anti-Competition Case to Karnataka High Court
- Severe Winter Storms Hit Eastern US Due to Polar Vortex
- US and China Update Science and Technology Agreement Amidst Security Concerns
- US-China Trade War Intensifies Over Critical Minerals
- Supreme Court Clarifies Rules for Police Investigations
- Workers Trapped in Assam Coal Mine
- Climate Change Disrupts Global Water Cycle, Leading to Disasters
- Alcohol Consumption and Cancer: Key Insights
- Arunachal Pradesh Revives Anti-Conversion Law
- Goa Shipyard Launches Two Fast Patrol Vessels for Indian Coast Guard
- US Court Ruling and India's Net Neutrality Landscape
- New Malaria Research Targets Mosquito Reproduction
- ISRO Achieves Milestone with Plant Growth in Space
- India Plans New Fund for Critical Mineral Exploration
- Uttarakhand to Monitor High-Risk Glacial Lakes
- H5N1 Bird Flu Outbreak Kills Tigers and Leopard in India
- India Launches New PLI Scheme for Steel Sector
- Global Nutrition Targets Off Track, Urgent Action Needed
- Indian Rupee Hits Record Low Against US Dollar
Charter of Queen Elizabeth I & the East India Company Background Francis Drake’s Voyage (1580) : First Englishman to sail around the world, inspiring exploration. Defeat of Spanish Armada (1588) : England’s naval victory boosted confidence to challenge Spain/Portugal in global trade. Portuguese & Dutch Profits : Europeans made huge money from Asian spices, textiles, and goods → England wanted a share! Formation of the East India Company 1599 : Group of English merchants ( Merchant Adventurers ) formed a company to trade in Asia. 31 December 1600 : Queen Elizabeth I granted them a Royal Charter , giving: Exclusive Rights : Only this company could trade east of Africa (monopoly). Name : “Governor and Company of Merchants of London trading into the East Indies” (later called East India Company ). 1609 : Monopoly extended indefi...