Skip to main content

Cell Biology (GATE)

1. Introduction to Cell Biology

2. Cell Structure and Function

  • 2.1. Cell Membrane
    • Structure of the lipid bilayer and membrane proteins.
    • Functions of the cell membrane: transport, signaling, and cell adhesion.
  • 2.2. Cell Wall
    • Structure and function in prokaryotes and plants.
  • 2.3. Cellular Organelles
    • Structure and function of major organelles: nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and peroxisomes.

3. Cytoskeleton and Cell Movement

  • 3.1. Cytoskeleton Components
    • Microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules.
  • 3.2. Motor Proteins and Cellular Movement
    • Mechanisms of action: myosin, kinesin, and dynein.
  • 3.3. Cell Motility and the Extracellular Matrix
    • Mechanisms of amoeboid movement, flagellar and ciliary motion.

4. Cell Cycle and Cell Division

  • 4.1. Cell Cycle Phases
    • G1, S, G2, and M phases.
  • 4.2. Regulation of the Cell Cycle
    • Role of cyclins, cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), and checkpoints.
  • 4.3. Mitosis and Meiosis
    • Detailed steps of mitosis and meiosis.
    • Comparison and significance of both processes.

5. Cell Signaling and Communication

  • 5.1. Types of Cell Signaling
    • Autocrine, paracrine, endocrine, and juxtacrine signaling.
  • 5.2. Signal Transduction Pathways
    • Key signaling pathways (e.g., GPCRs, RTKs).
    • Role of second messengers (cAMP, Ca2+).
  • 5.3. Apoptosis and Cell Death
    • Mechanisms and significance of programmed cell death.

6. Transport Across Cell Membranes

  • 6.1. Passive Transport
    • Diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and osmosis.
  • 6.2. Active Transport
    • Primary and secondary active transport mechanisms.
    • Role of pumps and transporters (e.g., Na+/K+ pump).
  • 6.3. Bulk Transport
    • Endocytosis and exocytosis processes.

7. Cellular Metabolism and Energy

  • 7.1. Metabolic Pathways
    • Overview of glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation.
  • 7.2. ATP Production
    • Role of mitochondria in cellular respiration.
  • 7.3. Photosynthesis
    • Chloroplast structure and light-dependent reactions.

8. Cancer Biology

  • 8.1. Characteristics of Cancer Cells
    • Differences between normal and cancerous cells.
  • 8.2. Molecular Basis of Cancer
    • Oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, and carcinogenesis.
  • 8.3. Mechanisms of Cancer Treatment
    • Current strategies for cancer therapy (e.g., chemotherapy, immunotherapy).

9. Practical Applications and Laboratory Techniques

  • 9.1. Laboratory Practices
    • Cell culture techniques and maintenance.
    • Microscopy and staining procedures.
  • 9.2. Experimental Approaches
    • Techniques for studying cell cycle and apoptosis.
    • Use of flow cytometry and Western blotting.

10. Ethical and Technological Considerations

  • 10.1. Ethical Issues in Cell Biology Research
    • Use of stem cells and genetic modification.
  • 10.2. Emerging Technologies
    • CRISPR and its applications in cell biology.
    • Advances in live-cell imaging.

Popular posts from this blog

Welcome to Let Me Explain (A Part of bionexts.in)

  Welcome to my Blogspot! Here, I explain various topics related to Bio-Medical Science with detailed class study notes. I trust it will be helpful for you. MISSION OF THE PROJECT My mission is to provide you Class Study Notes with a clear understanding of various Bio-Medical related topics, especially professional courses, using easy language. Don't worry; I'll also include other topics.  ☺️ CLICK ANY ONE OF THE SUBJECTS Immunology   Techno Professional Skill  Developmental Biology   Molecular Biology Cell Biology Genetical Engineering Biostatistics Bioinformatics Basic Acclimatization Skill Animal Biotechnology Medical Biotechnology Industrial Biotechnology Plant and Agricultural Biotechnology Research Methodology, IPR and Bioethics Are You Preparing For The GATE Examination Also! Click Here  Click Here   Are You Preparing For The UPSC Examination Also! Click Here Yes And Normal General Science Click Here And I'm going to explain to you the biology t...
Read more

Animal Biotechnology

On this page, you will find all topics related to Immunology! Here Every Major Topic Includes Sub-Major Topics. Find the topic you want to learn! Describe the basics of animal cell culture Introduction Definition, scope, and importance. Historical developments in animal biotechnology Basic requirement for animal cell culture Types of animal cells and their characteristics. Types of Culture Primary and secondary culture. Cell Cine & Maintenance and preservation of cell lines. history of animal cell culture Suspension culture ,  Cell cloning and hybridization ,  3D cultures ,  Scaling up & Growth factors.  Cell line and maintenance, viability test, cytotoxicity  Describe the cell culture and vaccine production Application of cell culture technology in the production of different vaccines and pharmaceutical proteins. Explain reproductive structures and artificial fertilization  Structure of sperm and ovum Cryopreservation of sperms and ova of...
Read more

MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

On this page, you will find all topics related to Immunology! Here Every Major Topic Includes Sub-Major Topics. Find the topic you want to learn! Genome Introduction to the Genome Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Genome The Central Dogma of life C value paradox Genes are made of DNA Semi-conservative mode of DNA replication Cot Curve   Repetitive DNA sequences (satellite DNA, LINE, SINE etc) DNA melting and buoyant density Neucleosome Phasing DNA Replication and Recombination Replication initiation, elongation and termination in prokaryotes and eukaryotes DNA Replication (Explain) The Meselson-Stahl experiment Homologous Recombination at the molecular level The Holliday Model Double-stranded DNA repair model Removing of the DNA Primer / Flap Model DNA damage and Repair Mutation- Nonsense, missense and point mutations Intragenic and Intergenic suppression Frameshift Mutation Mutagens Transposition Transposable genetic elements in prokaryotes and eukaryotes Mechanism of transposition Role ...
Read more