Introduction:
Animal Biotechnology is the application of scientific and engineering principles to modify animals for specific purposes, such as improving livestock production, developing disease-resistant breeds or creating animal models for medical research. This field combines genetic, molecular biology and reproductive technologies to enhance animal health and productivity.
The Aim of Animal Biotechnology
- IMPROVE HUMAN HEALTH
- Development of biopharmaceuticals or animal-made pharmaceuticals, where animals are genetically engineered to produce therapeutic proteins or antibodies.
- Example: Goats genetically engineered to produce antithrombin in their milk, a protein used to prevent blood clots in humans.
- IMPROVE THE ANIMAL HEALTH
- Breeding programs to produce disease-resistant animals and the development of vaccines and other medicines for animal health.
- Example: CRISPR gene editing used to create pigs resistant to Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS).
- DEVELOP MORE NUTRITIVE FOOD
- Enhancing the nutritional content of animal products like milk, meat, and eggs through biotechnology.
- Example: Genetically modified salmon that grows faster and has a higher content of omega-3 fatty acids.
- CONSERVATION AND SUSTAINABILITY
- Using biotechnology to conserve endangered species and improve the sustainability of animal farming practices.
- Example: Methane-reducing feed additives for cattle, which help lower methane emissions from cow dung, contributing to a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions.