Types of Plasmid Vector

Vector Type	Insert Size	Source	Applications
Plasmid	Small (<15kb)	Bacteria	Gene cloning, protein expression, molecular biology studies
Phage	Small to Medium (5 – 20kb)	Bacteriophage	Gene library construction, DNA sequencing
Cosmid	Medium (35 – 45kb)	Hybrid (plasmid & phage)	Genomic library construction, large DNA fragment cloning
BAC	Large (75 – 300kb)	Bacteria	Genomic library construction, genome sequencing
YAC	Very Large (100 – 1000kb/1MB)	Yeast	Genomic library construction, mapping entire genomes
MAC	Extremely Large (100kb to >1MB)	Mammalian cells	Studying complex mammalian genomes

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Animal Biotechnology

On this page, you will find all topics related to Immunology! Here Every Major Topic Includes Sub-Major Topics. Find the topic you want to learn! Describe the basics of animal cell culture Introduction Definition, scope, and importance. Historical developments in animal biotechnology Basic requirement for animal cell culture Types of animal cells and their characteristics. Types of Culture Primary and secondary culture. Cell Cine & Maintenance and preservation of cell lines. history of animal cell culture Suspension culture , Cell cloning and hybridization , 3D cultures , Scaling up & Growth factors. Cell line and maintenance, viability test, cytotoxicity Describe the cell culture and vaccine production Application of cell culture technology in the production of different vaccines and pharmaceutical proteins. Explain reproductive structures and artificial fertilization Structure of sperm and ovum Cryopreservation of sperms and ova of...

MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

On this page, you will find all topics related to Immunology! Here Every Major Topic Includes Sub-Major Topics. Find the topic you want to learn! Genome Introduction to the Genome Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Genome The Central Dogma of life C value paradox Genes are made of DNA Semi-conservative mode of DNA replication Cot Curve Repetitive DNA sequences (satellite DNA, LINE, SINE etc) DNA melting and buoyant density Neucleosome Phasing DNA Replication and Recombination Replication initiation, elongation and termination in prokaryotes and eukaryotes DNA Replication (Explain) The Meselson-Stahl experiment Homologous Recombination at the molecular level The Holliday Model Double-stranded DNA repair model Removing of the DNA Primer / Flap Model DNA damage and Repair Mutation- Nonsense, missense and point mutations Intragenic and Intergenic suppression Frameshift Mutation Mutagens Transposition Transposable genetic elements in prokaryotes and eukaryotes Mechanism of transposition Role ...

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